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Strategy

Reversi

Flip, surround, dominate the board.

Surround your opponent's discs to flip them to your colour. A minute to learn, a lifetime to master corners and mobility.

Players
1 or 2 players
Length
10 min
  • Against the AI
  • Two players on one device
Play Reversi

15 days of full access, no account · No download

Reversi preview

How to play

Goal of the game

To have the most discs of your colour when nobody can move any more. The board is 8 × 8 squares; the game starts with four discs in the centre.

How it works

  • Black goes first. Every move must outflank at least one opposing disc: in a straight line (horizontal, vertical or diagonal), between the disc you place and another disc of your colour, with no empty square between them.
  • All outflanked discs, in every direction, are flipped to your colour.
  • If you have no legal move, you pass your turn. When neither player can move, the game ends and the discs are counted.
  • The small dots show your legal moves (this option can be turned off).
Tip: do not try to flip many discs too early. Keep your mobility (plenty of possible moves), take the corners, which can never be flipped, and avoid the squares next to an empty corner (X-squares on the diagonal and C-squares on the edges).

About the AI

Iterative-deepening alpha-beta search with a null window, a transposition table with Zobrist keys and move ordering (stored move, corners, moves that reduce the opponent's mobility). The evaluation combines mobility, frontier discs, corners, X- and C-squares, edge stability, a square table and disc parity in the endgame. In the endgame, the AI calculates the game exactly down to the last disc: from 14 empty squares at Master level, 12 at Expert level. Lower levels search less deeply and add human-like inaccuracies.

AI levels

  1. BeginnerLooks only one move ahead and sometimes plays at random: perfect for learning.
  2. AmateurSees two moves ahead, starts to fear the corners, but still makes many mistakes.
  3. IntermediateSearches four moves ahead and solves the last ten squares exactly.
  4. ExpertDeep search of a second and a half, perfect endgame on twelve squares.
  5. MasterThree seconds of search and a perfect endgame on the last fourteen squares: nearly unbeatable.

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